Rheumatic fever typically affects children between five and 15 years old for the first time but the effects of rheumatic heart disease often first present in adulthood. Environmental factors such as poor sanitation and crowded living conditions increase the transmission of the bacteria that cause rheumatic heart disease. Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers. The BMA grants editorial freedom to the Editor of the Annals of the. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases or any information in it whether based on. Annals of Spine Research is an open access, peer-reviewed, online journal committed to publish significant contributions on various aspects of spine. Remedy Publications exclusively introduced this spine research journal to concentrate on all key factors of spine and their related sub-specialties. From April 1991 through December 2003, 858 patients with rheumatic aortic valve disease underwent surgery; 61 (7.2%) of these underwent aortic valve repair, and the rest underwent isolated aortic valve replacement (n = 456) or combined aortic replacement and mitral valve repair or replacement (n = 341). Rheumatic involvement of the tricuspid valve frequently occurs in patients with mitral and aortic valve disease. Inadequate attention to tricuspid valve function can lead to increased morbidity and may necessitate reoperation. A surgical algorithm is developed and presented for treatment of rheumatic heart disease. AMA Manual of Style Art and Images in Psychiatry Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines Colorectal Screening Guidelines Declaration of Helsinki Depression Screening Guidelines Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History Fishbein Fellowship Genomics and Precision Health Health Disparities Hypertension Guidelines JAMA Network Audio JAMA Network The final third discusses diagnosis and management of the major rheumatic diseases. Fourteen brief but illustrative clinical case studies are included as an appendix, as is a list of codes for rheumatic diseases from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision. It has been shown that mitral valve repair is superior to mechanical replacement in children with rheumatic heart disease; however there are limited data on the factors affecting the long-term durability of repaired mitral valves. This study describes outcomes after rheumatic mitral valve repair, with adaptation of a risk score to clarify some novel predictors of repair instability. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (ARD) is an international peer review journal committed to promoting the highest standards of scientific exchange and education. It covers all aspects of rheumatology, which includes the spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions, arthritic disease, and connective tissue disorders. Therapeutic emphases have been on the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, polyarteritis, and Wegener's granulomatosis with steroids and cytotoxic agents. Guidelines for the use of cytotoxic drugs in rheumatic diseases have been described. Annals of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal disorders is an open access, online, international, peer reviewed journal aims to publish the articles relevant to field of orthopedics and musculoskeletal disorders. Remedy publications follow double blind peer review process to maintain quality standards.