Abstract. Language policies are born amidst the complex interplay of social, cultural, religious and political forces. With this in mind, Bernard Spolsky theorises that the language policy of any independent nation is driven, at its core, by four co-occurring conditions—national ideology, English in the globalisation process, a nation's attendant sociolinguistic situation, and the These developments demonstrate how language policy is directly linked to the struggle for power. The last chapter deals with the implications of the historical-structural approach for relevant research questions and methodology (qualitative research) in language policy theory, and argues for language as a human right in a democracy. planning from the perspective of sociolinguistics, proceeds to a discussion of the history of language planning and policies in colonial Hong Kong, and then focuses on contemporary language policies in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China. 2. Language planning theories and their relevance to Hong Kong . According to While the introduction of language planning as a field of study mainly dates back to the 1960s, language planning as an activity is probably as old as mankind. Historical examples of language planning activities serve as the background of many recent quests for an overall language planning theory. 3. Language Planning in Historical Perspective The first part, "Theoretical Perspectives in Language Policy", offers a review of the theoretical dimension of LPP studies. In the introductory pages of this section, on the one hand, the author claims that political, economic and social theory offer valuable multidisciplinary tools to LPP studies. A theoretical perspective is important for research because it serves to organize our thoughts and ideas and make them clear to others. Often, sociologists use multiple theoretical perspectives simultaneously as they frame research questions, design and conduct research, and analyze their results. language policy in Nigeria had centered on the conflicting importance of indigenous and exogenous languages in Nigeria (Adekunle 1972, Bamgbose 1992, 2005, Aito 2005, Akinnaso 1992, Banjo 1995 and Oyetade 2003). This paper argues from a different trajectory of diaglossic language policy such that gives functional roles to both theoretical perspectives reflect on theories that influ-ence research, teaching, counseling, advising, and administrative decision making. As Collins and Bruch (2000) propose, "Formation of interdisciplinary theo-ries must have in mind the pragmatic business of in-forming the project at hand, and so such theory build- History of Management Thought The Evolution of Management Theory Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the setting in which management theory first developed. Describe the ways in which a theory can be useful. Distinguish the scientific management Micro language planning and cultural renaissance in Botswana. Authors; A social and cultural history, 1922-1985. London: Fontana. Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning. Journal of Linguistics, 4(2), 196-213. Google Scholar. Ruiz, R. (1984 Planning Principles and Practices Victoria Transport Policy Institute 3 Introduction Planning