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7. WATER QUALITY 7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.1.1 What is water quality? "Water quality" is a term used to express the suitability of water to sustain various uses, such as agricultural, domestic, recreational, and industrial, or aquatic ecosystem processes. A particular use or River Quality 2005 - Government Laboratory Executive Summary • This report presents a general assessment of river water quality, as regards biology, chemistry and nutrients for the period autumn 2000 to autumn 2005. • There has been a gradual improvement in both biological water quality (as During lockdown, HMI ranged from 33.96 to 117.33 with 27.27% good water quality which shows the low ecological risk of aquatic ecosystem due to low mixing of toxic metals in the river water. • Water Quality Database used to store data. • Field duplicates (1 for every 10 samples) collected at the same location, at the same time in order to estimate sampling and laboratory analysis precision. • Field Blanks (distilled water) are a measure of the impact of field condition on analytical results. WATER QUALITY INDEX CLEAN SLIGHTLY POLLUTED POLLUTED Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 91 - 100 80 - 90 0 - 79 Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH 3 -N) 92 - 100 71 - 91 0 - 70 Suspended Solids (SS) 76 - 100 70 - 75 0 - 69 Water Quality Index (WQI) 81 - 100 60 - 80 0 - 59 The average annual water resources in various river basins are estimated to be 1869 BCM, of which 1086 BCM is utilizable including 690 BCM of surface water and 396 BCM of ground water. The rest of the water is lost by evaporation or flows into the sea and goes unutilised. India's surface water flows through 14 major river basins. Detail. Ofwat wrote to wastewater companies in England in March 2022 asking them to set out how they were going to act to start tackling storm overflow issues and improve river quality as a priority to deliver an immediate reduction in harm and to rebuild customer trust. This is the response to these plans, highlighting immediate commitments Water is a prime necessity for the survival and sustenance of all living beings. Over the past few years, the water quality of rivers is adversely affected due to harmful wastes and pollutants. This ever-increasing water pollution is a big matter of concern as it deteriorating the water quality, making it unfit for any type of use. Recently, water quality modelling using machine learning CHAPTER 1 - The Importance of Water Quality 10 STREAMS Streams interact with groundwater in three ways. Streams can gain water from the inflow of groundwater through the streambed (gaining stream, Figure 1-3A); streams can lose water to groundwater by outflow through the streambed (losing streams, Figure 1-3B); or they can do both, gaining in some reaches and losing in others. Water quality 39 In the 2000 GQA survey, 89 per cent of chalk rivers were of good or very good biological quality (Figure 11) - up from 72 per cent in 1990. Only two stretches had poor water quality: the Lee downstream of Luton and the Wandle below Croydon. These are both affected by urban runoff, and probably by misconnected drains. Diurnal water-quality kinetics. All water quality variables are simulated on a diurnal time scale. Heat and mass input